1. Sieving
Sieving is a separating mixture of two different sizes of solids. For example, sand and gravel, sand is smaller than gravel and the sieve holes while gravel is bigger than the sand and the sieve holes so, the one that can pass to the sieve holes is the sand. That is what we called sieving. The materials used to do sieving is called a sieve, a sieve come in different shapes and sizes.
2. Decanting
Decanting is separating an insoluble solid from a liquid. For example, coarse sand and water, coarse sand is denser than water. When the water is mixed with the coarse sand, the coarse sand sinks to the bottom of the glass while the water stays on top of the coarse sand. We pour the water very slowly to another glass, we cannot pour the water to fast because it can spill the coarse sand. That is what we called decanting.
3. Filtration
Filtration is separating small, insoluble solids from a liquid using a filter. The materials use to filtrate is filter funnel, filter paper, beaker, sand and water. We must pour a water to a beaker and mix it with the sand, pour the mixture to the filter funnel with the filter paper in it, the filter paper doesn't allow the sand to pass through it but it allow water to pass, the water start to come out from the filter paper, the water that comes out from the filter paper is now called filtrate. This is what we called filtration.
4. Evaporation
Evaporation is the process of changing a liquid to a gas. The materials use to evaporate is a beaker, evaporating dish, tripod, bunsen burner, wire gauze, salt and water. Put the wire gauze on top of the tripod, put the bunsen burner under the tripod and put the evaporating dish on top of the wire gauze, before that, put the salt and the water in the evaporating dish. After a few minutes, the water start to evaporate and started to smoke. Wait for a few more minutes and the water is completely dissolved and it completely had turns into salt. That is what we called evaporation.
5. Separating immiscible liquids
Oil and water can be separated easily because, they are immiscible. The materials use to separate immiscible liquids are a separating funnel, beaker, oil and water. Open the tap at the bottom of the funnel, the separating funnel let the water to come out but it doesn't let the oil to come out, now, the beaker is already full with the water and the oil is left in the separating funnel. This is how we can separate immiscible liquids.
6. Separating miscible liquids
Alcohol and water are miscible liquids, they can be separated easily because the have different boiling points. The materials use to separate miscible liquids are 2 flasks, condenser, bunsen burner, wire gauze and a tripod. Put the wire gauze on top of the tripod, put the bunsen burner under the tripod put flask 1 on top of the wire gauze, connect the condenser from flask 1 to flask 2. The flask 1 contain the mixture of the alcohol and the water, a few minutes later gas start to come out from the flask 1, that is the gaseous alcohol the gaseous alcohol move to the flask 2 through the condenser. Now, the mixture of the water and the alcohol is separated . That is how we separate miscible liquids.
Now, I want to tell you my experiment, you can try this at home if you want to. I do the filtration and the evaporation for the experiment.
For the filtration, you must prepare some beakers, sand, water, flask, filter funnel, spoon and a filter paper.
First, pour the water from the beaker to another beaker, mix the sand with the water and stir it with the spoon.
Then, put the filter paper into the filter funnel, put the filter funnel on top of the flask.
After that, pour the mixture of sand and water to the filter funnel, set the stopwatch to count the water that drop from the filter funnel.
Now, you can see the clear water that drop out from the filter funnel.
It all happens because, the filter paper doesn't allow the sand to pass through it but, it allows the water to pass through it.
Repeat that with the flour instead of the sand. See what is faster sand or flour?
For the evaporation, you must prepare a, tripod, an alcohol, evaporating dish, salt, water, match and wire gauze.
First, put the salt and water into the evaporating dish, put the wire gauze on top of the tripod and put the evaporating dish on top of the wire gauze.
Then, light a match and put it on to the alcohol.
After that, you can realize the mixture starts to boil and the mixture starts to smoke.
Here are some pictures of the filtering experiment:
Here are some pictures of the evaporation experiment:
